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特種設(shè)備無損檢測技術(shù)優(yōu)秀論文評(píng)選公示（3）

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【031】鍋爐用奧氏體不銹鋼彎管內(nèi)部氧化皮檢測的新方法

龍會(huì)國

（湖南省電力公司科學(xué)研究院，長沙 410007）

摘　要：以鍋爐用奧氏體不銹鋼管TP304H、TP347H為例，采用剩磁法和提升力法對奧氏體不銹鋼彎管內(nèi)部氧化皮的堆積量進(jìn)行檢測。結(jié)果表明：外部磁場激化后奧氏體不銹鋼彎管內(nèi)部氧化皮的剩磁磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度和提升力均隨堆積量的增加而增大，在一定量后變化趨于平緩；剩磁磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度和提升力還與奧氏體不銹鋼管的規(guī)格有關(guān)，壁厚越大，剩磁磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度和提升力越小，內(nèi)徑越大，則剩磁磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度和提升力越??；V型彎管內(nèi)氧化皮堆積分散性小，其剩磁磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度和提升力大，U型彎管次之，L型彎管最小。剩磁法和提升力法是快速檢測奧氏體不銹鋼彎頭內(nèi)部氧化皮堆積量的一種新方法。

關(guān)鍵詞：奧氏體不銹鋼；氧化皮；剩磁法；提升力法；鍋爐管

【031】A New Detection Method for Oxidation Scales on Inner Surface of Austenitic Stainless Steel Tube Bends for Boilers

LONG Hui-guo

( Hunan Electric Power company Test and Research Institute, Changsha 410007, China)

Abstract：Taking austenitic stainless steel tubes TP304H and TP347H as an example, detection tests were carried out to oxidation scales on inner surface of the tube bends using residual magnetic and lifting power method. Results show that after excitation of external magnetic field, both the density and lifting power of the scales residual magnetism will rise with growing accumulation of scales, and once the accumulation gets to a certain amount, the variation tendency will slow down. The density and lifting power are also affected by tube size, i.e. the thicker the tube wall, or the larger the inner diameter of tube, the less they will be. For different shapes of tube bends, oxidation scales inside V type bends have the strongest magnetism and lifting power, followed by U type, then L type. T he residual magnetic and lifting power method can be taken to quickly detect the accumulation amount of oxidation scales on inner surface of austenitic stainless steel tube bends.

Keywords：austenitic Stainless Steel; oxidation scale; remanent magnetism; lifting power; boiler tube

【032】鑄鋼件橫波超聲波檢測工藝參數(shù)的影響

胡波濤，龍會(huì)國

(湖南省電力公司科學(xué)研究院，長沙 410007)

摘　要：通過調(diào)整橫波超聲波檢測工藝參數(shù)對ZG0Cr13Ni4Mo鑄鋼件檢測效果的影響，發(fā)現(xiàn)并分析了缺陷反射回波隨超聲波參數(shù)影響變化關(guān)系。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，橫波超聲波檢測工藝參數(shù)對不同缺陷類型影響程度不同，對于規(guī)則的圓孔類缺陷，工藝參數(shù)如K值、頻率及晶片尺寸對缺陷反射波波幅影響不明顯；而對于裂紋類缺陷，隨著探頭K值增加，缺陷回波顯著降低，隨著頻率的增加缺陷回波波幅減小，隨晶片尺寸增加缺陷反射回波增益逐漸降低，但降低幅度不大，影響效果不明顯。鑄鋼件橫波斜探頭超聲波檢測宜選用小K值、低頻率、小晶片尺寸探頭。

關(guān)鍵詞：水電站；馬氏體不銹鋼鑄鋼件；超聲波；回波；缺陷

【032】Influence of Parameters of Transverse Wave Ultrasonic Testing Technique for Steel Casting

HU Bo-tao, LONG Hui-guo

(Hunan Electric Power company Test and Research Institute, Changsha 410007, China)

Abstract：Various transverse wave ultrasonic testing parameters influencing the echo wave result of ZG0Cr13Ni4Mo casting steel were studied and analyzed. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of parameters such as K value, frequency and size of ultrasonic transducer on echo amplitude of the defect. The results show that the ultrasonic testing parameters have different influences on different defects. The echo wave amplitudes with regular circular hole defect hardly change with the parameters. But with increasing of the K value, the echo wave amplitude of the crack defects decreases significantly. The amplitude gain also decreases with the increase of frequency and size of ultrasonic transducer, but the effects are not obvious. Better sensitivity for the casting steel testing can be obtained using the transverse whose K value frequency and size of ultrasonic transducer are smal1.

Keywords：hydropower station, martensitic stainless steel, ultrasonic testing, echo waveform, defects

【033】鑄鋼件超聲波衰減系數(shù)測量及其影響因素

龍會(huì)國，胡波濤

(湖南省電力公司科學(xué)研究院，長沙 410007)

摘　要：測定了鑄鋼件ZG0Cr13Ni4Mo超聲波衰減系數(shù)并對其影響因素進(jìn)行分析，試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，利用聲壓、聲程乘積對數(shù)函數(shù)ln(PX)與聲程X成線性關(guān)系，來測量衰減系數(shù)是個(gè)較好的方法；探頭晶片尺寸、頻率對鑄鋼件超聲波衰減系數(shù)有影響，隨晶片尺寸增加，衰減系數(shù)呈先增后減趨勢，而衰減系數(shù)隨探頭頻率的增加而增加。從衰減系數(shù)對超聲波檢測影響而言，鑄鋼件縱波直探頭超聲波檢測宜選用低頻率、晶片直徑約20mm尺寸探頭。

關(guān)鍵詞：鑄鋼件；馬氏體不銹鋼鑄鋼件；超聲波；衰減系數(shù)；缺陷

【033】Measurement and Influence Factors of Ultrasonic Attenuation Coefficient of Steel Casting

HU Bo-tao, LONG Hui-guo

(Hunan Electric Power company Research Institute, Changsha 410007, China)

Abstract：Ultrasonic attenuation coefficient of ZG0Crl 3Ni4MO steel  casting was tested and its influencing factors were analyzed. The results show that using linear relation of ln(Px) and x，where P is acoustic pressure and x is beam path. is a better method to measure the attenuation coefficient. Influences of the ultrasonic testing parameters including diameter, frequency of ultrasonic transducer on the attenuation coefficient are different. With the increase of the diameter, the attenuation coefficient firstly increases and then decreases, and the attenuation coefficient increases with the increase of frequency. Considering the influences of attenuation coefficient on the ultrasonic testing, low frequency and 20 mm diameter of ultrasonic transducer should be used in longitudinal wave probe ultrasonic testing.

Keywords：steel casting; martensitic stainless steel; ultrasonic testing; attenuation coefficient; defects

【034】鋁母線焊縫TOFD超聲衍射信號(hào)特性

龍會(huì)國，謝阿萌，龍毅

（湖南省電力公司科學(xué)研究院，長沙 410007）

摘　要：本文分析了直通波、底波及缺陷反射回波衍射信號(hào)特性隨縱波TOFD超聲檢測參數(shù)影響變化關(guān)系。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，直通波衍射信號(hào)增益值隨發(fā)射探頭與接受探頭之間距離成正比，而底波回波、缺陷波回波衍射信號(hào)值隨定位角的增加遵循先減后增的趨勢，當(dāng)定位角為2倍探頭入射角時(shí)，底波回波、缺陷回波TOFD衍射信號(hào)最強(qiáng)，其底波回波衍射信號(hào)與缺陷回波衍射信號(hào)能同時(shí)存在且能清晰分辯，TOFD檢測靈敏度最佳。

關(guān)鍵詞：TOFD，鋁合金，超聲波檢測，直通波，缺陷

【034】Ultrasonic testing for aluminum alloy bus weld by time-of-flight diffraction

LONG Hui-guo, XIE A-meng, LONG Yi

(Hunan Electric Power Company Research Institute, Changsha 410007, China)

Abstract：In this paper, various longitudinal wave ultrasonic time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) testing parameters influencing the echo waveforms resulting of aluminum alloy weld were studied and analyzed. The results show that the gain values of the lateral wave echo wave signal amplitude increases linearly with the distance between the receiver and the transmitter. While the gain values of the back wall and defects echo wave signal amplitude firstly decreases and then increases with increasing the intersection angle, and defect and back wall reflected wave are clearly disturbed and existed when intersection angle is almost two times inspection angle of longitudinal wave inspectors. Better sensitivity for the aluminum alloy bus weld testing by TOFD is obtained when intersection angle is almost two times inspection angle of the inspectors.

Keywords：TOFD, aluminum alloy, Ultrasonic testing, lateral wave, defects

【035】鋁母線焊縫超聲波檢測工藝參數(shù)影響

龍會(huì)國, 龍毅, 陳紅冬, 謝阿萌

(湖南省電力公司科學(xué)研究院，長沙 410007)

摘　要：本文通過調(diào)整橫波超聲波檢測工藝參數(shù)對6063鋁合金焊縫檢測效果的影響，研究分析了缺陷反射回波波幅隨超聲波參數(shù)變化關(guān)系。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，隨頻率增加，分辨率降低，發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)小缺陷的能力增加，儀器系統(tǒng)增益值隨探頭頻率的增加遵循先降后增趨勢，當(dāng)頻率為5MHz時(shí)，儀器系統(tǒng)靈敏度最佳；晶片尺寸主要對近場區(qū)產(chǎn)生影響，當(dāng)工件厚度小于15mm時(shí)，晶片尺寸推薦選擇為36mm2；缺陷回波的波幅與缺陷反射面的角度有關(guān)，當(dāng)壁厚小于17mm時(shí)，圓孔類缺陷回波波幅隨K值增加而增大。鋁母線焊縫橫波斜探頭超聲波檢測宜選用5MHz、大K值、小晶片尺寸探頭。

關(guān)鍵詞：鋁合金；變電站；管母線；氣孔；缺陷

【035】Influence of Parameters of Transverse Wave Ultrasonic Testing Technique for Aluminum Alloy Bus Weld

LONG Hui-guo, Long Yi, Chen Hong-dong, Xie A-meng

(Hunan Electric Power company Research Institute, Changsha 410007, China)

Abstract：In this paper, various transverse wave ultrasonic testing (UT) parameters influencing the echo waveforms resulting of 6063 aluminum alloy weld were studied and analyzed. Experiments on the change of the inspection angle, frequency and diameter of ultrasonic transducer and echo waveform of defection with the parameters are conducted. The results show that with increasing the frequency, ultrasonic testing sensitivity of the defects increases then decreases, better sensitivity for the aluminum alloy bus weld testing by UT is obtained when the frequency is 5MHz; Chip dimension is mainly made on the influence of probe's near-zone length to the sensitivity and accuracy of ultrasonic inspection for the aluminum alloy bus weld, and is promoted use of 36mm2 for inspection when the Work-piece Thickness is less than 15mm; Echo waveform amplitudes of the defects are almost changed with the inspection angle of the probes, when the Work-piece Thickness is less than 17mm, with increasing the inspection angle, the amplitude curve of the defects increases for a circular hole. Better sensitivity for the aluminum alloy bus weld testing obtained when the frequency of transverse wave probe is 5MHz, the inspection angle is larger-angle, and chip size is small.

Keywords：Aluminum alloy, Substation, Bus bar, Pores, Defects

【036】VBA無損檢測數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)及應(yīng)用

余鵬程  陳永才  謝朝波

桂林市南方檢測有限責(zé)任公司  郵編：541004 電話：15807735687

摘　要：開發(fā)應(yīng)用VBA無損檢測數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)，可解決無損檢測結(jié)果統(tǒng)計(jì)、報(bào)告編制等工作需要人員多、花費(fèi)時(shí)間長、易錯(cuò)易漏、滯后等問題，極大提高無損檢測工作的準(zhǔn)確性和工作效率，尤其是與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)結(jié)合起來可實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程控制管理，是現(xiàn)代無損檢測企業(yè)提高管理效率的先進(jìn)方法。

關(guān)鍵詞：無損檢測；數(shù)據(jù)庫管理；VBA；Microsoft Office Excel；管理效率

【036】Development and Application of VBA NDT Data Base Management System

Yu Pengcheng   Chen Yongcai     Xie Chaobo

Guilin South Inspection & Measure Ltd. Co. (GSIM)

P.O 541004  Tel: 15807735687

Abstract：Development and application of VBA NDT data base management system (DBMS) can be used for solving problems on additional cost of staff and time, mistakes, omits and delays in NDT result statistic and document filing process. It can improve the accuracy and efficiency of NDT work; especially achieve the remote-management through connection of internet. It is the advanced method to improve management efficiency for modern NDT enterprises.

Keywords：NDT, DBM, VBA；Microsoft Office Excel；Management Efficiency

【037】熒光滲透檢測技術(shù)的有關(guān)問題

王寶學(xué)1  王廣坤2  田磊1

1.北京市順義區(qū)特種設(shè)備檢測所  101300    2.邦能達(dá)（北京）無損檢測有限公司  100076

摘　要：由于熒光滲透檢測法比著色滲透檢測法有更高的檢測靈敏度，所以，在對一些承壓類特種設(shè)備的重要部件無損檢測中，越來越多的單位采用熒光滲透代替著色滲透。JB/T4730.5-2005《承壓設(shè)備無損檢測》也建議對于表面光潔且檢測靈敏度要求高的工件，宜采用后乳化型著色法或后乳化型熒光法，也可采用溶劑去除型熒光法。對在用承壓設(shè)備進(jìn)行滲透檢測時(shí)，如制造時(shí)采用高強(qiáng)度鋼以及對裂紋敏感的材料；或是長期工作在腐蝕環(huán)境下，有可能發(fā)生應(yīng)力腐蝕的場合；或者工作中承受交變應(yīng)力作用，容易產(chǎn)生疲勞裂紋的情況，其內(nèi)壁宜采用熒光滲透檢測方法進(jìn)行檢測。 但是，該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對熒光滲透檢測沒有更詳細(xì)的要求，比如，關(guān)于采用熒光滲透法檢測在用承壓類特種設(shè)備，并未規(guī)定適合于熒光滲透檢測特點(diǎn)的靈敏度校驗(yàn)方法，可操作性不強(qiáng)。本文擬就熒光滲透檢測法在承壓設(shè)備檢測時(shí)遇到的一些技術(shù)問題闡述筆者的觀點(diǎn)。

【038】Application of the metal magnetic memory method for detection of defects at the initial stage of their development for damage prevention of power engineering welded steel structures and steam turbine parts

A. Dubov - Energodiagnostika Co. Ltd.- (Russia) [email protected]

S. Kolokolnikov - Energodiagnostika Co. Ltd.- (Russia) [email protected]

Abstract：Experience with carrying out comprehensive testing of base metal and welded joints of welded steel structures (piping, pressure vessels etc.) and steam turbine blades by using the methods of metal magnetic memory and other conventional non-destructive testing methods, and microstructure analysis is described. It is shown that stress concentration zones caused by additional working loads - not planned and expected in the design phase of the components - are sources of which industrial equipment damages emerge and develop.

Keywords：Magnetic memory of metal; Mechanical properties; Nondestructive testing; Residual stresses; Strain; Stress-strained state.

【039】一次透照長度及其相關(guān)參數(shù)的自動(dòng)計(jì)算

周勇

（大慶油田三維工程檢測有限責(zé)任公司，黑龍江大慶163411）

摘　要：介紹以Excel （電子表格）作為計(jì)算分析工具，實(shí)現(xiàn)了焊縫射線檢測工藝參數(shù)的自動(dòng)計(jì)算，提高了計(jì)算精度和效率。

關(guān)鍵詞：射線檢測；一次透照長度；相關(guān)參數(shù)；自動(dòng)計(jì)算

【040-041】由EXCEL 繪制和應(yīng)用X 射線曝光曲線

周　勇　李廣波

( 大慶油田三維工程檢測有限責(zé)任公司, 黑龍江大慶　163411)

摘　要：介紹以Ex cel( 電子表格) 作為計(jì)算分析工具, 繪制和應(yīng)用X 射線曝光曲線的新方法。借助于Excel,由數(shù)學(xué)回歸分析導(dǎo)出回歸方程, 可優(yōu)化曝光曲線的制作工藝, 并提高曝光曲線的制作精度及實(shí)用性。

關(guān)鍵詞：射線照相; 曝光曲線; Excel; 回歸分析; 曝光量修正

【042】由EXCEL 繪制和應(yīng)用X射線曝光曲線(續(xù))

周勇李廣波

（大慶油田三維工程檢測有限責(zé)任公司，黑龍江大慶163411）

摘　要：本文作為“由EXCEL 繪制和應(yīng)用X 射線曝光曲線”一文的補(bǔ)續(xù)，在“原文”的實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)了曝光量的精確查找計(jì)算，主要是為了避免人工按曲線查找曝光量時(shí)的目視取值誤差，實(shí)現(xiàn)了曝光量查找的自動(dòng)計(jì)算、自動(dòng)修正。

關(guān)鍵詞：Excel；回歸分析；曝光曲線；曝光量；自動(dòng)計(jì)算；自動(dòng)修正

【043】X射線底片上隱約陰影的探究

黃婷婷1   黃敏建2   汪金平1   陳磊1   蘇寧1

（ 1．上海山宏實(shí)業(yè)發(fā)展有限公司 , 2．上海克萊德貝爾格曼機(jī)械有限公司 ）

摘　要：底片上確實(shí)有不明顯的陰影，然而返修或車削都不能發(fā)現(xiàn)。通過逐層解剖的方法找到了細(xì)小的缺陷，熒光滲透方法證實(shí)了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)。結(jié)合焊縫坡口形式和焊工運(yùn)條方法，判斷出隱約陰影的實(shí)質(zhì)是一種特殊形式的未焊透。

關(guān)鍵詞：隱約陰影   逐層解剖  熒光滲透檢測  未焊透

【043】An Investigation on Indistinct Image on X-ray Radiograph

Huang Ting-ting1   Huang Min-jian2   Wang Jin-ping1   Chen Lei1   Su Ning1

（ 1．Shanghai Shanhong Industry Development Company Ltd, Shanghai, 200065, 2．Shanghai Clyde Bergemann Machinery Company Ltd, Shanghai, 200080 ）

Abstract：On the X-ray radiograph there was indistinct true image. However, real flaw could hardly be seeked out through rewelding or turning. Nevertheless thin flaw was found out by means of successive working, and that was proved by fluorescent penetrant testing. Considering comprehensively groove pattern and manipulation of electrode, we deem these images as a peculiar sort of incomplete penetration.

Keywords：Indistinct image, Successive working, Fluorescent Penetrant testing, Incomplete penetration.

【044】爬波技術(shù)在鍋爐TOFD檢測中的應(yīng)用

陳玉寶   

廣東省特種設(shè)備檢測院    廣東省廣州市 510655

摘　要：TOFD技術(shù)是利用缺陷尖端超聲衍射波成像的一種檢測新技術(shù)，相比常規(guī)A型脈沖反射式超聲波檢測，具有缺陷檢出率高，缺陷高度測量精確，檢測結(jié)果可全程記錄等許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)；但其仍有一些不足，其中主要的是上表面檢測盲區(qū)較大，需要利用其它的方法來補(bǔ)充檢測。而利用表面下爬波檢測正好可以彌補(bǔ)其不足，可顯著地減小或克服TOFD上表面檢測盲區(qū)。本文重點(diǎn)介紹了爬波的產(chǎn)生，爬波的衰減，爬波探頭的結(jié)構(gòu)，爬波檢測用試塊以及其在鍋爐TOFD檢測中的成功應(yīng)用。

關(guān)鍵詞：爬波   TOFD   盲區(qū)     鍋爐

【044】Application of Creeping wave technology in Power Boiler’s TOFD testing

Yubao Chen  

Guangdong Institute of Special Equipment Inspection

Abstract：TOFD is a new testing technology using diffracted ultrasonic wave on defect’s tip for imaging. Comparing to the conventional A-scan pulse echo testing, TOFD has many advantages, such as high probability of defect testing, accurate measuring of defect’s height and recorded testing result. However, there are a few disadvantage in TOFD, mailly is deeper testing dead zone on upper surface , therefor other testing methods have to be used to reduce it. The creeping wave can greatly reduce even completely eliminate the depth of dead zone. In the paper,  the occurring and attenuation of creeping wave were detailed. Subsequently, the probe configuration and refrence block were discussed. Finally, the application in boiler power inspection was simply introduced.

Keywords：Creeping wave    TOFD   Dead zone    Power boiler

【045】PFC-2000管道射線檢測儀的技術(shù)改進(jìn)及應(yīng)用

王旭東 李雪梅 單洪翔 吳萬志 劉效東

中國石油天然氣股份有限公司大慶鍋爐壓力容器檢驗(yàn)中心，黑龍江省大慶市 163453

摘　要：管道因腐蝕等因素在使用過程中易導(dǎo)致管道出現(xiàn)壁厚減薄，使管道強(qiáng)度降低，甚至可能引發(fā)事故。常規(guī)管道檢驗(yàn)時(shí)，利用測厚儀進(jìn)行測厚，須局部拆除保溫層，不僅檢驗(yàn)工期長，成本高，而且檢驗(yàn)范圍受限制。采用PFC-2000管道射線檢測儀，可實(shí)現(xiàn)對管道快速掃查，其特點(diǎn)是無需拆除管道保溫，檢測結(jié)果不受管道內(nèi)部介質(zhì)影響，可檢測并定位管壁減薄缺陷，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)管道腐蝕情況的全面評(píng)價(jià)。通過對該設(shè)備進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)研究和技術(shù)改進(jìn)，擴(kuò)大了該儀器的應(yīng)用范圍，提高了檢測數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確性，從而提高了管道檢驗(yàn)技術(shù)水平。

關(guān)鍵詞：PFC-2000；射線；保溫層；管道腐蝕檢測

(待續(xù)）